An activist for Black nurses in the early 20th century, Martha Minerva Franklin worked to end discrimination and secure equal rights for her profession.
ReadA student and professor of medicine, Dr. Ethel Collins Dunham devoted her life to ensuring the care of children throughout the early and mid-20th century.
ReadConnecticut’s people have taken on responsibilities to establish state and national rights through the courts, protests, and everyday acts.
ReadThroughout much of the 20th century, the Arrawanna Bridge played a key role in Middletown’s transportation network, carrying traffic from Berlin Street to Newfield Street.
ReadRosa Ponselle etched her name in history as the first American-born and American-trained singer to star with the Metropolitan Opera Company.
ReadThe first private gas light companies in Connecticut appeared just before 1850 in New Haven, Hartford, and Bridgeport.
ReadAt a time when most universities accepted only men, Connecticut College for Women provided a liberal arts education for women.
ReadMeriden’s Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company was an industry-leading American manufacturer of kerosene lamps and metal household items.
ReadUS submarines accounted for 63 percent of all Japanese ships sunk during WWII—Electric Boat’s vessels were responsible for a significant number of these successful outcomes.
ReadMiss Porter’s School, founded in 1843 in Farmington, is an elite, female, privately funded, 40-acre, educational institution in central Connecticut.
ReadCornfield Point, a rocky scenic area bordering the Long Island Sound, is often overlooked but is significant in the state’s maritime and prohibition histories.
ReadAs Jewish immigration to Connecticut increased in the late 19th century, close-knit farming communities formed in Chesterfield and Colchester.
ReadAn early person to undergo gender affirmation surgery, Alan L. Hart was a physician who pioneered the use of x-ray in early detection for tuberculosis.
ReadA rowing event on Lake Housatonic, “Derby Day,” was so popular among Yale students that it drew upwards of thirty to fifty thousand spectators.
ReadThe Armenian genocide during the early 20th century had a profound impact on Armenian communities and their descendants in Connecticut.
ReadOn March 31, 1923, a 56,000-gallon water tank dropped through 4 concrete floors of the Fuller Brush Company Tower.
ReadMany Polish immigrants found work on the tobacco farms in the Connecticut River Valley that specialized in the tobacco used for cigar wrappers.
ReadIn addition to his artistic pursuits, George Laurence Nelson lived in Kent, Connecticut, for over half a century and restored the historic Seven Hearths house.
ReadDr. Alice Hamilton was a leading authority on industrial diseases and the first female faculty member at Harvard before she retired to Hadlyme, Connecticut.
ReadFor over 272 years, Kent’s Seven Hearths has lived many lives—from trading post to school to artist’s home to historical society.
ReadThe Lockwood-Mathews Mansion provides a glimpse into the opulence of the Gilded Age when railroad tycoons built summer homes along the New England shoreline.
ReadOn March 2, 1932, the Lyman Allyn Art Museum, founded by Harriet Upson Allyn in New London, had its grand opening.
ReadMany Portuguese immigrants came to the US as mariners serving aboard ships, some remained to build new lives and communities in Connecticut.
ReadIt took over a century to solve the mystery of Ammi Phillips’ identity—one of the most prolific folk portraitists in 19th century America.
ReadIn1892, Sarah Boone of New Haven became the first Black woman in Connecticut to be awarded a patent—for an improvement in the use of an ironing board.
ReadNew London Harbor Lighthouse, originally opened in 1761 and rebuilt in 1801, is Connecticut’s oldest surviving and tallest lighthouse.
ReadOn January 24, 1925, Connecticut residents witnessed a full solar eclipse.
ReadFor over four decades, Japanese-born Yukitaka Osaki worked for Gillette, becoming a recognizable neighbor in the Hadlyme community.
ReadSince the late 19th century, Armenian immigrants and descendants have created a community and shaped New Britain history.
ReadA lifelong resident of Ellington, William N. Pinney served his town and his state up until his death at the age of 90.
ReadThe Ives Manufacturing Company—arguably Connecticut’s most famous toy company—became known for its variety of clockwork toys and trains.
ReadThe German merchant submarine Deutschland made two trips to America, including one to New London, Connecticut, during World War I.
ReadAmerican Thread’s arrival in Willimantic in 1899 demonstrates Connecticut’s role in the Progressive Era’s “rise of big business” and “incorporation of America.”
ReadWhen it ceased operations in the mid-1950s after over 120 years, The Stamford Foundry Company was the oldest known stove works in America.
ReadSheffield Island, is home to one of Connecticut’s historic lighthouses—a stone structure with a celebrated past dating back two hundred years.
ReadIn the early 1900s, H.D. Smith and Company of Plantsville began the manufacture of a line of “Perfect Handle” hand tools.
ReadBorn in Hartford, Laura Wheeler Waring was an eminent portrait artist of prominent African Americans of the Harlem Renaissance.
ReadHartford celebrated the 1908 opening of the Bulkeley Bridge, which connected Hartford and East Hartford, with a three-day extravaganza.
ReadDuring the Cuban War of Independence, Caroline Selden opened a school for Cuban children in Brooklyn, NY and Old Saybrook, CT.
ReadSince 1794, Hartford-based Smith-Worthington Saddlery has made tack for horses—along with the occasional ostrich harness and space suit prototype.
ReadWestport’s artist Dorothy Hope Smith used her neighbor, Ann Turner, as inspiration for her iconic Gerber Baby trademark drawing.
ReadOriginally from Hartford, Helen James Chisholm’s career took her all the way to the Pacific to teach and run an orphanage.
ReadWhile Connecticut used variations of flags for state functions, the legislature did not adopt an official state flag until 1897.
ReadIn Trumbull, the arrival of the Housatonic Railroad brought a lesser known but more entertaining development—one of the country’s first amusement parks.
ReadThe first Chinese restaurant opened in Hartford in 1898 and evolved as immigrants from different parts of China introduced new tastes.
ReadFor over two hundred years, Lee’s Academy has been a staple of education in Madison, Connecticut.
ReadConnecticut expressed a brief interest in Theodore Roosevelt’s third-party, the “Bull Moose Party,” but the loss of the 1912 election proved career-ending for many candidates.
ReadD. W. Griffith’s silent movie, the racially charged “Birth of a Nation,” initially played to large audiences in Hartford before meeting with official resistance after World War I.
ReadIn 1913, a famous British suffragist, Emmeline Pankhurst, gave a powerful and memorable speech on the steps of the Parsons Theater in Hartford.
ReadRosamond Danielson was a respected suffragist, World War I worker, and philanthropist from Putnam Heights.
ReadFrom Windham to Branchville, peaceful Connecticut locales provided Julian Alden Weir the inspiration to create hundreds of paintings and become one of America’s leading Impressionists.
ReadWDRC is the oldest continuously operated commercial radio station in Connecticut that uses both AM and FM transmissions.
ReadAt the end of the First World War, Hartford found a variety of ways to honor the sacrifices of its servicemen and women.
ReadPope’s bicycles and automobiles not only gave 19th-century consumers greater personal mobility, they also helped propel social change.
ReadHartford’s own leading lady was a lively entertainer whose career spanned over five decades and whose generosity spilled over to various and numerous charities.
ReadIn 1893, Frank Duryea, along with his brother, built one of the first cars in the country to have an internal combustion engine.
ReadA 28-year-old nurse from Hartford, Ruth Hovey served on the battlefields of World War I.
ReadOver the five decades Edith Watson traveled around North America, her keen eye and box camera lens captured the otherwise untold stories of women.
ReadAmerican Impressionists looked to a New England countryside like that in Connecticut for evidence of a stable, timeless order beneath the dazzle of the ephemeral.
ReadIn 1894, a well-to-do Norwich family set sail from New London on a ship outfitted with Persian rugs, oil paintings, a library, and 75 cases of champagne.
ReadConnecticut played host to new, vast populations of Italian, Polish, and French Canadian immigrants who helped reinvent the state’s cultural identity.
ReadRemembering Anna Louise James, the first woman pharmacist in the state of Connecticut.
ReadThe voting booth and the shop floor were two important arenas in the fight for women’s equality.
ReadMary Townsend Seymour was a leading organizer, civil rights activist, suffragist, and so much more in Hartford during the early 20th century.
ReadThe story of Luna Park in West Hartford provides insight into the battles between entertainment and ethics in Connecticut during the Progressive Era.
ReadThe simultaneous development of accepted mental health practices and LGBTQ+ visibility over the decades offers a chance to examine how psychological research contributed to the discrimination of LGBTQ+ individuals and communities.
ReadBest known for the Lincoln Memorial, this architect also designed a railroad station, WWI monument, and a bridge for Naugatuck.
ReadIn the 1820s, the first two notable carpetmakers emerged in the north central part of Connecticut—the Tariff Manufacturing Company and the Thompsonville Carpet Manufacturing Company.
ReadAfter growing up in Hartford, Charles Dillingham explored numerous career paths including newspaper publishing, politics, and—most famously—theatrical managing and producing.
ReadIda Tarbell became one of the most famous “muckraking” journalists in 19th century America, thanks largely to her investigation of the Standard Oil Company.
ReadIn 1873, Charles H. Phillips patented Milk of Magnesia and his company produced the popular antacid and laxative in Stamford, Connecticut, until 1976.
ReadJoseph Niedermeier Sr. founded the Beechmont Dairy in Bridgeport in 1906—a popular local business for over 60 years.
ReadEmile Gauvreau, former managing editor of the Hartford Courant, became a pioneer in the rise of tabloid journalism.
ReadThe stray dog “Stubby” quickly became the mascot of the 102nd Infantry during WWI, despite an official ban on pets in the camp.
ReadThe Palmer Raids, launched in Connecticut in 1919, were part of the “Red Scare” paranoia that resulted in numerous civil rights violations committed by law enforcement officials.
ReadDenied the right to free assembly in public spaces, Connecticut workers joined in a larger national movement of civil disobedience.
ReadTreatments for tuberculosis included everything from exposure to extremes in temperature to regimens involving access to the outdoors.
ReadHome to companies such as Royal and Underwood, Connecticut became an important manufacturing center for typewriters in the early 20th century.
ReadIn October of 1908, Hartford celebrated the opening of the Bulkeley Bridge, which connected Hartford and East Hartford, with a three-day extravaganza.
ReadIn 1881, Connecticut resident Benjamin F. Clyde began producing and selling cider in Mystic.
ReadFew major league baseball players had rookie seasons as good as Walt Dropo’s while playing for the Boston Red Sox in 1950.
ReadWithout formal training, Alice Washburn designed some of Connecticut’s most iconic Colonial Revival buildings of the early 20th century.
ReadSenator Frank Brandegee of New London vehemently opposed progressive legislation at the national level, particularly when it came to the issue of women’s suffrage.
ReadThe antecedents of many of today’s most widely utilized crop seeds can trace their lineage back to a company started by the Clark family in Orange, Connecticut.
ReadThe Sister Susie Society in Washington, Connecticut, started out as a reading circle but became a fundraising and World War I relief organization.
ReadBetween 1934 and 1943, the federal government placed murals in twenty-three Connecticut post offices.
ReadOrville Platt was a powerful Republican senator from Washington, Connecticut. He presented the Platt Amendment to Congress.
ReadIn the early morning hours of July 11, 1911, a train derailed in Bridgeport, killing fourteen people. Among the first responders were members of the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team.
ReadOn July 8, 1913, the United States Patent Office issued a patent to Alfred C. Gilbert of New Haven for his “Toy Construction-Blocks.”
ReadAttorney General John H. Light made his pro-suffrage stance public at a time when such advocacy could still lead to criticism
ReadAndrew N. Pierson established A.N. Pierson’s, Inc., a small floral nursery in Cromwell that evolved into the largest commercial rose growing enterprise in the country.
ReadOne of the great financiers of the late 19th and early 20th century, J. P. Morgan was born (and spent much of his youth) in Hartford, Connecticut.
ReadIn 1903 the Russell & Erwin Company and the American Hardware Corporation purchased the Bristol Motor Car Company of Bristol, Connecticut.
ReadIn 1920, veterans groups played an active role in orchestrating Memorial Day observances in towns across Connecticut.
ReadWhile performing with one of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West shows in Danbury in 1900, Albert Afraid-of-Hawk, or Cetan Kokipa, died.
ReadOn the morning of June 17, 1910, over a thousand Connecticut residents descended upon Westport for a patriotic, event-filled unveiling of The Minute Man monument.
ReadAuthor Charles Dudley Warner penned significant volumes of work, leaving an impact through his enduring social commentary in the second half of the 19th century.
ReadPlaywright Eugene O’Neill drew inspiration for much of his work from his childhood hometown of New London.
ReadConnecticut-born Gifford Pinochet oversaw the rapid expansion of national forest land holdings in the early 1900s.
ReadA shortage of metal during World War I encouraged women’s clothing manufacturers (such as Bridgeport’s Warner Brothers Corset Company) to switch from producing corsets to brassieres.
ReadIn 1866, the Connecticut Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home opened in Mansfield to house and educate boys and girls left parentless by the Civil War.
ReadEnfield’s Martha Parsons broke new ground in her pursuit of employment opportunities for women. Her family home now belongs to the Enfield Historical Society.
ReadWilliam Gillette was an American actor, playwright, and stage director most famous for his stage portrayal of Sherlock Holmes and for the stone castle he built in East Haddam.
ReadDuring the Great Migration of the early 1900s, African Americans from the rural South relocated to Hartford and other Northern cities in search of better prospects.
ReadIn 1919, Hugh Rockwell and Stanley Rockwell received a patent for the Rockwell hardness tester, one of the 20th century’s metallurgical innovations.
ReadThousands of Black Southern students, including a young Martin Luther King Jr., came north to work in Connecticut’s tobacco fields.
ReadFor one hundred years Bryant Electric was a staple of Bridgeport industry, adapting to the challenges of the changing industrial landscape in America.
ReadAnna Louise James operated a drugstore in Hartford until 1911, making her the first female African American pharmacist in the state.
ReadConnecticut joined several other states and the District of Columbia mandating seat belt usage for children and adults in automobiles in 1985.
ReadPollution of Connecticut’s waters by industrial waste and sewage in the decades after the Civil War was arguably the state’s first modern environmental crisis.
ReadOn December 24, 1925, aviation engineer and head of the Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company Frederick B. Rentschler debuted its first product: the Wasp engine.
ReadThe Kewpies originally appeared as a comic strip in the Christmas issue of the 1909 Ladies Home Journal.
ReadThe Monumental Bronze Company of Bridgeport was the only producer of a unique type of grave marker in the United States between 1874 and 1914.
ReadOn November 17, 1917, the J.B. Williams Company of Glastonbury filed a trademark with the US Patent and Trademark Office for the Word Mark “Aqua Velva.”
ReadOn November 8, 1904, Harvey Hubbell II patented the first detachable electric plug in the United States.
ReadFor those who lived through the 1918 flu, life was never same. John Delano of New Haven recalled, “The neighborhood changed. People changed. Everything changed.”
ReadThe origins of the Climax Fuse Company date back to 1852 in Avon, Connecticut.
ReadIn the late 1800s, Wallingford was home to a small branch of the Oneida Community.
ReadSavin Rock Park was a seaside resort constructed in the late 19th century in the modern-day town of West Haven.
ReadIn the wake of a 1912 trolley campaign, the woman’s suffrage movement rapidly gained ground across Connecticut.
ReadAlbert Pope’s company not only played a prominent role in developing improved bicycle designs, it also developed the market for them.
ReadThe Colonial Revival was national in its scope, but as a state rich in historic resources, Connecticut became inextricably linked with the movement.
ReadOn May 21, 1901, Connecticut passed An Act Regulating the Speed of Motor Vehicles.
ReadHartford-based inventor Albert Pope saw his first bicycle at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia and was so impressed that he went to Europe to study how bicycles were made.
ReadOn May 13, 1930, Colonel Jacob Schick obtained patent No. 1,757,978 for his dry electric shaver.
ReadDespite organizing in 1909 to fight pay cuts, ultimately, vending machines and changing business models brought an end to the era of the Hartford newsie.
ReadConnecticut took part in many of the great World’s Fairs, especially those held in North America.
ReadDespite the wealth found in some sections of the city, the economic volatility of the Gilded Age produced hard times for residents of Hartford.
ReadOn April 22, 1911, aviation pioneer Charles Hamilton crashed his brand new, all white, biplane the “Moth” at Andrews Field in New Britain.
ReadOn April 9, 1907, Harry Pond Townsend patented the driving and braking mechanism for cycles, the first device to combine driving, braking, and coasting.
Read…that Greenwich had a special police unit trained to handle suspected foreign agents operating in Connecticut.
ReadAlthough his time as a Connecticut resident was short, this aviator left his mark on Wallingford and a generation fighter pilots.
ReadOn April 5, 1919, the freighter Worcester was launched in Groton in support of the war effort for the Emergency Fleet Corporation of the US Shipping Board.
ReadFounded in 1906 by Alfred C. Fuller, the Fuller Brush Company was one of Connecticut’s most notable corporations.
ReadWhile the Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City is one of the most famous tragedies behind the organized labor movement, Connecticut had its share of equally dangerous work environments in the early 20th century.
ReadThis writer and photographer founded the Connecticut Audubon Society and created Fairfield’s Birdcraft Sanctuary.
ReadIn 1926, at the age of 53, Connecticut governor John H. Trumbull received his pilot’s license. Piloting flights to his own appointments, he became known as “The Flying Governor.”
ReadHartford’s Union Station and Allyn Hall caught fire on two different days in February. Only one still stands today.
ReadChurch bells chimed and factory whistles blew and automobiles, trains, and trolleys throughout the state came to a standstill.
ReadCharles McLean Andrews was one of the most distinguished historians of his time, generally recognized as the master of American colonial history.
ReadOn March 1, 1906, North College at Wesleyan University in Middletown was destroyed by fire.
ReadCharles Keeney Hamilton completed the first round-trip journey ever made between two large cities in an airplane in the United States.
ReadThe early years of the 20th century were a time of vigorous political and social reform.
ReadIn the last decades of the 19th century, Connecticut was transformed by a massive flood of immigrants fleeing political and economic instability.
ReadJ. Henry Roraback dominated Connecticut like no political leader before him.
ReadEarly 20th century life in Connecticut was marked by the election of 1912, US entry into World War I, and the Great Depression.
ReadWith war’s end, suffrage advocates stepped up their campaign for equal rights.
ReadOn April 12, 1892, the first US patent for a truly portable typewriter was issued to George C. Blickensderfer of Stamford.
ReadThe Heublein Restaurant served its thirsty customers pre-mixed cocktails that became so wildly popular they had to build a distillery just to meet demand.
ReadIn the early 20th century, girls working at the Waterbury Clock Company faced death and disease from exposure to radium in the workplace.
ReadIt only took 4 hours for a jury to convict Amy Duggan Archer Gilligan of operating, what the Hartford Courant labeled, a “murder factory.”
ReadToday it is the Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center (The Kate) but it began as the Old Saybrook Musical and Dramatic Club.
ReadLuna Park in West Hartford was a popular attraction at the turn of the 20th century but was demolished in the 1930s to make way for a factory.
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